The media’s framing of the BRI plays a significant role in shaping the public’s understanding and attitudes toward China. But there is a dearth of qualitative evidence that illuminates whether and how the behavior of Chinese SOEs toward these host country actors has evolved over time. Increased attention has been paid to the changing involvement of host country actors (such as political patrons, elites, and institutions) and how they use the BRI to achieve their specific ends. This multibillion-dollar initiative funds roads, bridges, railways, seaports, airports, and other mega infrastructure projects, which are primarily constructed by Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs), also known as China’s “national champions” in the international contracting industry. This year marks the tenth anniversary of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Vice President for Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Summary These could enable local players to better channel Chinese energies to support their societies and economies provide lessons for Western engagement around the world, especially in developing countries help China’s own policy community learn from the diversity of Chinese experience and potentially reduce frictions. Ultimately, the project aims to significantly broaden understanding and debate about China’s role in the world and to generate innovative policy ideas. Through a mix of research and strategic convening, this project explores these complex dynamics, including the ways Chinese firms are adapting to local labor laws in Latin America, Chinese banks and funds are exploring traditional Islamic financial and credit products in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, and Chinese actors are helping local workers upgrade their skills in Central Asia. These adaptive Chinese strategies that accommodate and work within local realities are mostly ignored by Western policymakers in particular. With a generous multiyear grant from the Ford Foundation, Carnegie has launched an innovative body of research on Chinese engagement strategies in seven regions of the world-Africa, Central Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa, the Pacific, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. But Chinese players also extend their influence by working through local actors and institutions while adapting and assimilating local and traditional forms, norms, and practices. Many argue that China exports its developmental model and imposes it on other countries. China has become a global power, but there is too little debate about how this has happened and what it means.
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